Virtual Labs on Frontiers in Biochemistry
  • Enzyme
    • Introduction
    • Major events
    • Virtual lab: Yeast Fermentation
    • Factors Affecting Enzyme Activity
      • Enzyme concentration
      • Substrate Concentration
      • Temperature Effect
      • Effect of pH
      • Effect of Inhibitors on Enzyme Activity
    • Revision Questions
  • Protein
    • Introduction
    • Major events
    • Virtual lab: Protein sequencing
    • Mechanism of protein sequencing
      • Proteins Are Built from a Repertoire of 20 Amino Acids
      • Amino Acid Sequence Can Be Determined by Automated Edman Degradation
    • Revision Questions
  • Genetics
    • Introduction
    • Major events
    • Virtual lab: DNA sequencing
    • Mechanism of DNA sequencing
      • 1. DNA synthesis by DNA polymerase
      • 2. Interrupt DNA synthesis
      • 3. Initiation labelling
      • 4. Labelled fragment produced
      • 5. Electrophoresis
    • Revision Questions
  • Nucleic Acids
    • Introduction
    • Major events
    • Virtual lab: X chromosome inactivation (Lyonization)
    • Regulation of allelic expression
      • Mechanism of X chromosome inactivation
      • Types and Initiation of XCI
    • Revision Questions

    • Introduction



    Non-coding RNAs make up the majority (98%) of the transcriptome, and understanding the significance of this type of RNA can help us better understand nature and its application in our daily life. Several different classes of regulatory RNAs with important functions have been discovered including small RNAs such as microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs).

    Classification of lncRNAs based on the sizes.

    Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have gained widespread attention in recent years as a potentially new and crucial layer of biological regulation. For example, X-inactive specific transcript (Xist) regulates allelic expression by X chromosome inactivation.

    Major events (timeline game):



    From the C-value enigma and junk DNA to Discovery of IncRNAs