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²¤¶
°ªP©R©Ê¸V¬y·P¡A§Y¥j®ÉºÙ¬°¡u¸V³¾½E¬Ì¡v(Fowl Plague)¡A¬OÃþ¦ü³z¹L³¾Ãþ(¦pÂû°¦)¤§¶¡©Ò¶Ç¼½ªº¶Ç¬V¯f¡C¦¦b1878¦~·N¤j§Q(Perroncito
1878)¤w¥X²{¡Cªì´Á¤@ª½³Q»~¥H¬°¬O·N¤j§Q¤W©Y¨¦(upper Po valley)¤§Û¤Ú©³¯f¯g(Lombardian
disease)¡CÁöµM¦b1901¦~Centanni ©M Savonuzzi¤w§¡»{¬°¬O¥Ñ¤@ºØ¹LÂo©Ê¯f¬r©Ò¾ÉP¡A¦ý³Ì«á¨ì1955¦~¤~¥ÑSchäferª¾¹D¬O¥Ñ¤@ºØ¥s¬y¦æ©Ê·P«_¥Ò¯f¬r(influenza
A viruses)©Ò·P¬V¡C¨ä¹ê¡A¬y¦æ©Ê·P«_¥Ò¯f¬r(influenza A viruses)¹ï©óÄݳ¥¥Í³¾Ãþ±H¥D(¦p³¥¥Í¤ô³¾)¨Ó»¡¡A¤@¯ë¤£·|¥X²{¥ô¦ó¼x¥ü¤ÏÀ³¡A¦]¬°¦¹¯f¬r¤§¿ò¶Ç¦]¤lÄݧCP©R«¬¡A¯à»P¨ä±H¥D¹F¦Ü¥¿Å¦@¥Í(Webster
1992, Alexander 2000)¡C
³o¨Ç§CP©R©Ê¸V¬y·P¯f¬r(LPAIV)±q³¥¥Í³¶³¾¨¤W¶Ç¦Ü¨ì®a¸V³¶³¾(¦pÂû°¦¤Î¤õ³¾µ¥)¡A¦Ó³oÓ¹Lµ{ºÙ¬°¡u¥æ¤e·P¬V¡v¡C¥Ñ©ó¤@¯ë®a¸V³¶³¾§Ü·P¬V¯à¤O¸û®z¡A¬G¥i¯à·|¥X²{¤@¨Ç»´·L¨ü·P¬V¼x¥ü¡C¯f¬r¦pªG¦b®a¸VÅ餺¸g¹L¦h¦¸¤Ï´_·P¬V«á¡A¬°¤F¾AÀ³·sºØ±H¥D¡A¯f¬r¦³¾÷·|¥X²{°ò¦]ÅܺءC¦Ó¬y¦æ©Ê·P«_¥Ò¯f¬r¤§°Æ¿ò¶Ç¦]¤lH5¤ÎH7ªºÅܲ§¡A°£¤F¾AÀ³·sºØ±H¥D¥~¡A¤]¥[³t¤F¦¨¬°°ªP©R©Ê¸V¬y·P¯f¬r(HPAIV)¡C¨Æ¹ê¤W¡A¥Ñ§CP©R©Ê¸V¬y·P¯f¬r(LPAIV)
¤§°Æ¿ò¶Ç¦]¤lH5¤ÎH7¦b®a¸V³¶³¾¨¤W¡AÅܺئ¨°ªP©R©Ê¸V¬y·P¯f¬r(HPAIV)¬OÃø¥H¹w´úªº¡C
°ªP©R©Ê¸V¬y·P¯f¬r(HPAIV)¦b®a¸VÅ餺¡Aªí²{¬O¬ðµo©Ê¡Bµu®É¶¡¤º¤Þ°_ÄY«¯e¯f¤Î¹ï©ó©ö¨ü·P¬VªººØÃþ¦³ªñ¥G¦Ê¤À¦Ê¦º¤`²v¡C¥Ñ©ó°ªP©R©Ê¸V¬y·P(HPAI)·|³y¦¨®a¸V·~·¥¤j¸gÀÙ·l¥¢¡A¬G¬ã»s¦³®Ä¹ï§Ü°ªP©R©Ê¸V¬y·P(HPAI)¤§¬Ì]¡A¤w¦¨¬°Ã~Âå¬É©Î¥þ²y³ÌÃöª`ªº¤@Ó°ÝÃD¡C¦AªÌ¡A°ªP©R©Ê¸V¬y·P(HPAI)¬O¥Ñ©ó§CP©R©Ê¸V¬y·P¯f¬r(LPAIV)ªºÅܺءA¬G¦¹¾ÉP§CP©R©Ê¸V¬y·P¯f¬r(LPAIV)·P¬Vªº°Æ¿ò¶Ç¦]¤lH5¤ÎH7¥ç¨ü¨ìÃöª`
(OIE
2005)¡C©¯¦n¡A¦b1997¦~¤§«e¡A¥uÄݩ󬰨u¨£¯e¯f¡Aª½¦Ü1950¦~¶}©l¡A¥þ²y¶È¦³24©v°ªP©R©Ê¸V¬y·P·P¬VӮסC
³Ìªñ¡A¸V¬y·P¦A¦¸¦¨¬°¥þ²y©ÒÃöª`¡Aì¦]¬O1997¦~¶¡¦b«n¤¤°ê¦a°Ï¥X²{°ªP©R©Ê¸V¬y·P¯f¬r-H5N1¡A¤Î«á§ó¶Ç¦ÜªF«n¨È¤@±a¡C¥Ñ©ó·í¤¤¥X²{¯f¬r¥Ñ¸V³¾Ãþ¶Ç¦Ü÷¨ÅÃþ(¦p¿ß¡B½Þ¤Î¤HÃþ)¡A¬G¦¹©Ò¿×¡uºõ¶¡¶Ç¬V´¬»Ù¡v(traversed
interclass barriers)®Ä¥Î¡A²{¦b¤wÃø¥HªÖ©w(Perkins
and Swayne 2003)¡CÁöµM¡A¸V¬y·P¤£¬O¤@¥óªÅ«e¥¼¦³ªº¨Æ¥ó(Koopmans
2004¡BHayden¤Î Croisier 2005)¡A¦ý³o´X©v¤HÃþ¨ü·P¬VӮתº¥X²{¡Aµ´¹ï¤£¯à±Æ°£H5N1¯f¬r·|¹ï¤HÃþ¥i¯à³y¦¨ÄY«¯e¯f¤ÎP©R«Â¯Ù(Klempner¤ÎShapiro
2004¡F Webster
2006)¡C¥t¥~¡A¤£¤Ö¬ì¾Ç®a¶}©l´M§ä½u¯Áµý©úH5N1¯f¬r¬O§_¦³¾÷·|¹ï÷¨ÅÃþ³y¦¨P©R«Â¯Ù¡C¤£¹L¡A¥i¥HªÖ©wH5N1¯f¬r¤w¦¨¬°¥þ²y¤HÃþ³ÌÃöª`ªº°ÝÃD(Kaye
and Pringle 2005)¡C
ªí¤@. ¹L¥h¥þ¥@¬Éªº°ªP¯f©Ê¸V¬y·PÃzµo1
¦~¥÷
|
°ê®a/¦a°Ï
|
¨ü¼vÅT®a¸V
|
«~ºØ
|
1959
|
Ĭ®æÄõ |
Âû2¸s(¤w¤½§G) |
A/chicken/Scotland/59
(H5N1) |
1963
|
^°ê |
¤õÂûºØ¯b29,000°¦ |
A/turkey/England/63
(H7N3) |
1966
|
¦w¤j²¤
(¥[®³¤j) |
¤õÂûºØ¯b8,100°¦ |
A/turkey/Ontario/7732/66
(H5N9) |
1976
|
ºû¦h§Q¨È
(¿D¬w) |
³JÂû25,000°¦¡A¦×Âû17,000°¦¡AÀn16,000°¦ |
A/chicken/Victoria/76
(H7N7) |
1979
|
¼w°ê |
¾Ö¦³600,000°¦ªº¤@¸sÂû¡AÃZ80°¦ |
A/chicken/Germany/79
(H7N7) |
1979
|
^°ê |
¤õÂû°Ó·~¹A³õ3Ó
(¨S¦³¤½§G³¶³¾Á`¼Æ) |
A/turkey/England/199/79
(H7N7) |
1983-
1985
|
»«¤iªk¥§¨È¦{
(¬ü°ê)* |
452¸s¤¤ªº¤@¤d¤C¦Ê¸U³¶³¾¡F¤j³¡¤À¬OÂû©ÎÃZ¡A¤Ö¶qÅÂÀl¤Î¯]Âû |
A/chicken/Pennsylvania/1370/83
(H5N2) |
1983
|
·Rº¸Äõ |
¦×¤õÂû800°¦¦º¤`¡F´î¤Ö¤F¤õÂû8,640°¦¡AÂû28,020°¦¡AÀn270,000°¦ |
A/turkey/Ireland/1378/83
(H5N8) |
1985
|
ºû¦h§Q¨È
(¿D¬w) |
¦×ÂûºØ¯b24,000°¦¡A³JÂû27,000°¦¡A¦×Âû69,000°¦¡A¨S©ú½T»¡©ú«~ºØªºÂû118,478°¦ |
A/chicken/Victoria/85
(H7N7) |
1991
|
^°ê |
¤õÂû8,000°¦ |
A/turkey/England/50-92/91
(H5N1) |
1992
|
ºû¦h§Q¨È
(¿D¬w) |
¦×ÂûºØ¯b12,700°¦¡AÀn5,700°¦ |
A/chicken/Victoria/1/92
(H7N3) |
1994
|
©ø¤hÄõ
(¿D¬w) |
³JÂû22,000°¦ |
A/chicken/Queensland/667-6/94
(H7N3) |
1994-1995
|
¾¥¦èô* |
³¶³¾Á`¼Æ¤£¸Ô¡A´î¤Ö¤F®a¸V¼Æ¥Øªº°Ó·~Âû¸s360Ó |
A/chicken/Puebla/8623-607/94
(H5N2) |
1994
|
¤Ú°ò´µ©Z* |
¦×Âû¤Î¦×ÂûºØ¯b¤T¦Ê¤G¤Q¸U°¦
|
A/chicken/Pakistan/447/95
(H7N3) |
1997
|
»´ä
(¤¤°ê) |
Âû¤@¦Ê¥|¤Q¸U°¦¤Î¤ñ«eªÌ¼Æ¥Ø¤Öªº¨ä¥L¦UºØ®a¸V |
A/chicken/Hong
Kong/220/97 (H5N1) |
1997
|
·s«n«Âº¸¤h
(¿D¬w) |
¦×ÂûºØ¯b128,000°¦¡A¦×Âû33,000°¦¡A¹¤õÂû261°¦ |
A/chicken/New
South Wales/1651/97 (H7N4) |
1997
|
·N¤j§Q |
Âû¡B¤õÂû¡B¯]Âû¡BÀn¡BÄOÄL¡BÂF¡BÃZ¡B³¥Âû¬ù6,000°¦ |
A/chicken/Italy/330/97
(H5N2) |
1999-
2000
|
·N¤j§Q* |
413Ó¹A³õ¡A¬ù¤@¤d¥|¦Ê¸U°¦³¶³¾ |
A/turkey/Italy/99
(H7N1) |
2002-
2005
|
ªF«n¨È* |
¤¤°ê¡B»´ä¡B¦L¥§¡B¤é¥»¡B¬Z
®H¹ë¡B¦Ñ¾â¡B°¨¨Ó¦è¨È¡BÁú°ê¡B®õ°ê¡B¶V«n¡A¬ù¤@»õ¤¤d¸U°¦³¶³¾ |
A/chicken/East
Asia/2003-2005 (H5N1) |
2002
|
´¼§Q |
|
A/chicken/Chile/2002
(H7N3) |
2003
|
²üÄõ* |
²üÄõ¡G¹A³õ255Ó¡A¤T¤d¸U°¦³¶³¾¡F¤ñ§Q®É¡G¹A³õ8Ó¡A¤T¦Ê¸U°¦³¶³¾¡F¼w°ê¡G¹A³õ1Ó¡A¦×Âû80,000°¦ |
A/chicken/Netherlands/2003
(H7N7) |
2004
|
¥[®³¤j
(¨õ¸Ö¬Ù)* |
¸V¸s53Ó¡AÂû¤@¤d¤C¦Ê¸U°¦ |
A/chicken/Canada-BC/
2004 (H7N3) |
2004
|
¬ü°ê
(¼w¦{) |
¦×Âû6,600°¦ |
A/chicken/USA-TX/2004
(H5N2) |
2004
|
«n«D |
¥¯ÝÃþ23,700°¦¡AÂû5,000°¦ |
A/ostrich/S.Africa/2004
(H5N2) |
1×§ï¦Û Capua and Mutinelli, 2001
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¯f¬r
¬y¦æ©Ê·P«_¯f¬r¬O²yª¬©Î±øª¬ªº²É¤l¡A¥]»qþÓ¹F¦Ü¤KÓ¸`¬qªºt·¥³æÃì®Ö¿}®Ö»Ä(ss-RNA)
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(¨Ò¦p Sidoronko and Reichl 2005)¡C
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or HA)¤Î¯«¸gÓi»ÄžJ (neuraminidase, N or NA) ³o¨âºØ¬ï½¤¿}³J¥Õ¡C¥¦Ì¯à¤Þ°_¯S©w¨È«¬¤Î§K¬Ì¤ÏÀ³¡A¦b
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¹ï©ó¬y·P¯f¬rªº¤ÀÃþ¡AºD¥Îªº©R¦Wªkn¨D¥]§t¨ä¯f¬r«¬§O¡B±J¥D (·í¥H¤HÃþ¬°°_·½®É¬Ù²¤)¡B¦a°Ï¡B§Ç¸¹¤Î¤ÀÂ÷¦~¥÷¡C¦Ü©ó¥Ò«¬¬y·P¯f¬r¡A·|¥H¬A¸¹¥[¤W¨ä¦å¾®¯À¤Î¯«¸gÓi»ÄžJªº¨È«¬¡C²{¦bÃzµoªºH5N1¨È¬w¥@¨tªº¨ä¤¤¤@Ó¿Ë¥N«~ºØ¡A¬O¤ÀÂ÷¦Û¤¤°êªº¤@Ó¬Ù
(¼sªF) ªº¤@°¦ÃZ ¡A¬ÛÀ³¦a¡A¥¦³Q©w¦W¬°A/ÃZ/¼sªF/1/96 A/goose/Guangdong/1/96
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1998) «h³QÂkÃþ¬° A/HK/156/97 (H5N1)¡C
¦å¾®¯À¬O´O¦b¯f¬r¥]½¤¤W¡A¥Ñ562 - 566Ó®ò°ò»Ä´Ý°ò²Õ¦¨ªº¿}°ò¤Æ¤Î ¤Æ³J¥Õ¡C¨ä½¤¥½
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1994)¡C¯«¸gÓi»ÄžJ¡A§Y²Ä¤GӬ、¿}³J¥Õ¥~µ²ºc°ì¡A·|¬I¥[³è²G»Ä¸ÑžJ¤ÏÀ³¤ÎÄÀ©ñ¦b¥XªÞ®É±q¨ü·P¬V²ÓMªí±®·Àòªº¯f¬r¤l¥N¡C³o¥\¯àÁ×§K¤F¥XªÞ®Éªº¯f¬r»E¶°¡A©Î³\ÁÙ·|«P¶i¯f¬r³q¹L¥Ø¼Ð¤W¥Ö²Õ´ÂH½¤¶i¦æº}²¾¡A¤ÞP¯f¬rªþµÛ
(Matrosovich
2004a)¡C³o¨Ï¯«¸gÓi»ÄžJ¦¨¬°È±oÃö¦íªº§Ü¯f¬r¥Ø¼Ð (Garman
and Laver 2004)¡C¯f¬r«~ºØªº¹ï§Ü©Ê¿}³J¥ÕHA©MNAªº¬Û¤¬¨ó½Õ¬¡°Ê¡A¹ï¯f¬r²É¤lªº¦³®ÄªþµÛ¤ÎÄÀ©ñ¹Lµ{¡A¬O«nªº
(Wagner 2002)¡C
¥Ò«¬¬y·P¯f¬r²É¤l¦Ü²ÓMªí±³J¥Õ½èªºÁpô¥i¸g¥Ñ¦¨¼ô¤T»E¤Æªº¯f¬rHA¿}³J¥Õ¹F¦¨¡CÁpô¥i¥H¤À¼h¬°ÃѧO©ú½Tªº¥½ºÝ³è²G»ÄºØÃþ
(N-acetyl- or N-glycolylneuraminic acid)¡A³s±µ¦Ü¥b¨Å¿}ªº°t¿}ÁäºØÃþ
(£\2-3 or £\2-6)¡A¥H¤Î¦b²ÓMªí±³è²G»Ä¹è¿}§ó²`¼h³¡¤Àªº¦¨¤À (Herrler
1995, Gambaryan 2005)¡C¤£¦P³è²G»Ä¹è¿}ªº¦h¼Ë¤Æªºªí¹F¨ü©ó¨Ó¦Û¤£¦P¬y·P¯f¬r±J¥Dªº²Õ´©MºØÃþ¡C¯f¬rªºHA¤ÎNA¿}³J¥Õ¡A¨âªÌ¹ï¬Y±J¥DºØªº¯S©w¨üÅéºØÃþªº¾AÀ³©Ê¡A¬O°ª®Ä²v½Æ»sªººn±ø¥ó(Ito
1999, Banks 2001, Matrosovich
1999+2001, Suzuki
2000, Gambaryan 2004)¡C³o·t¥Ü¤FHA³J¥Õªº¨üÅéµ²¦X³æ¦ì¨Ì·ÓºØ¶¡·P¬Vªº«¶ì
(Gambaryan 2006)¡C¹Ï¤@Åã¥Ü¤F¦h¼Ëªº¨üÅéºØÃþªº¾÷±ñ¦¡Á`½×¡C¸V¬y·P¯f¬r´¶¹MÅã¥Ü¥X¹ï£\2-3³sµ²ªº³è²G»Ä¦³³Ì°ªªº¿Ë¦X©Ê¡A¦]¬°³o¬O¥X¦Û³Q³oºØ¯f¬rÂê©wªº³¾Ãþªº¤º¥Ö°_·½
(¸z¡AªÍ) ¤§¤W¥Ö²Õ´ªº¥Dn¨üÅéºØÃþ (Gambaryan 2005a, Kim 2005)¡C¬Û¤Ï¡A¾AÀ³¤HÃþªº¬y·P¯f¬r¡A«hº¥ý±µªñ¦û¤F¤HÃþ®ð¹D«DÅÖ¤ò²ÓMµ´¤j¦h¼Æªº2-6³sµ²´Ý°ò¡C³oºØ¨üÅé³ß¦n¸ÑÄÀ¤FºØÄݫ̻٪º¤@³¡¤À¡AÁ×§K¸VÃþ¯f¬r¹ï¤HªºµL»Ùê¶Ç¬V
(Suzuki
2000, Suzuki 2005)¡C¦ý³Ìªñ¡A¤wÃÒ¹ê¤F¤HÃþ®ðºÞ¤º¦³¤@©w¼Æ¥ØªºÅÖ¤ò²ÓM¦P¼Ë±a¦³¸û§C±K«×¡B¹³¸VÃþ¨üÅ骺¿}ºó¦Xª«
(Matrosovitch 2004b)¡A¦ÓÂû²ÓM¥ç±a¦³§C¿@«×»P¤H¦PºØªº³è²G»Ä¨üÅé (Kim
2005)¡C³o©Î³\¯à»¡©ú¤HÃþ¹ï¨Ó¦Û¬Y¨Ç¸VÃþ«~ºØªº·P¬Vªº©è§Ü¤O¨Ã¤£¬O§¹¥þªºì¦] (Beare
and Webster 1991)¡C½Þ¡AÁÙ¦³ÄOÄL¡A¨âªÌ¾Ö¦³¸û°ªªº±K«×ªº¨üÅéºØÃþ¡A¨Ï³o¨Ç«~ºØ¥i¥H¹ï¸VÃþ¤Î¤HÃþ±À©w²V¦X®e¾¹
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¦Û±q2003¦~¥½¡A¦b¨È¬wµo²{ªº¤@¨ÇH5N1¯f¬r¡A¹ïÂû¦³°ªP¯f©Ê¡A¦ý¹ïÀn«h¤£¬O(Sturm-Ramirez
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°ªP¯f©Ê¸V¬y·P¯f¬rH5N1¨È¬w¥@¨t»P¤HÃþ©I§l¹D¯e¯fªºÃö«Yº¥ý¦b1997¦~©ó»´äÆ[¹î¨ì¡A·í®É¨üH5N1·P¬Vªº18¤H¤¤¦³6¤H¦º¤`¡C³o¨ÇӮצb¬y¦æ¯f¾Ç¤W»P¬¡®a¸V¥«³õªº°ªP¯f©ÊH5N1Ãzµo¦³Ãö
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* ¨Ó·½: Avian influenza - assessing the pandemic
threat. WHO, http://www.who.int/csr/disease/influenza/WHO_CDS_2005_29/en/,
µn¤J 06 January 2006
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(Pearson 2003, OIE
Terrestrial Animal Health Code 2005)¡C¹ï§Ü°ªP¯f©Ê¸V¬yªº±¹¬Iµø¨ü¼vÅT¦a°Ïªº¬y¦æ¯f¾Ç§Î¶Õ¦Ó©w¡C¦b¼Ú·ù¡A°ªP¯f©Ê¸V¬y·P¨Ã¤£ÄÝ©ó¦a¤è¯f¡A´¶¹M¬O¸T¤î¨Ï¥Î¸V¬y·Pªº¹w¨¾©Ê¬Ì]ªº¡C¦]¦¹¡A¥Ñ©óÅå¤HªºÁ{§É¹Lµ{¡A®a¸V¤¤Ãzµo°ªP¯f©Ê¸V¬y¬O¹w´Á¤¤ÅãµÛ¡Cµ²ªG¡A±¹ï¨º¼ËªºÃzµo¡A´Nn¹ê¦æ¶i¨úªº±±¨î±¹¬I¡A¦p¼³·À¨ü·P¬V¤Î»P¨ä¾Fªñªº«O¦³¦a¡A¥Øªº¬O¬°¤F¥ß¨è®ø·À°ªP¯f©Ê¸V¬y·P¯f¬r¤Î±NÃzµoºû«ù¦b¦³¸ñ¶Hªº«O¦³¦a½d³ò¤º¡C
¬°¤F³o¨Ç¥Øªº¡A±±¨î¤ÎºÊµø°Ï°ì·|«Ø¥ß¦b¦³¸ñ¶H¦a°ìªº©P³ò¡Aª½®|µø°ê®a¦Ó©w (¦b¼Ú·ù¡A¤À§O¬O3¦Ü10¤½¨½)¡C¨ü·P¬V¤Î¾Fªñªº¹A³õªº¹jÂ÷¡A§Ö³t±þ¦º©Ò¦³¨ü·P¬V¤Î¼ÉÅSªº³¶³¾¡A¥H¤Î§´µ½±ó¸m°Êª««ÍÅé¡A³£¬O¹w¨¾¹ï¨ä¥L¹A³õ°¼¦V¶Ç¼½ªº¼Ð·Ç±±¨î±¹¬I
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(12¤ë29¡A30¤Î31¤é) ®_±þ¤F©Ò¦³®a¸V (¤@¦Ê¤¤Q¸U°¦³¾Ãþ)¡C¤Wz±¹¬IªºÀ³¥Î¡A¦®¦b¥ß¨è®ø°£°ªP¯f©Ê¸V¬y·P¯f¬r¦Ó¥H±þ¦º¨S¨ü·P¬Vªº³¶³¾¬°¥N»ù¡A³o¹ï°Ó·~¹A³õ¤Î«°¥«¦a°Ï¨Ó»¡©Î³\¥i¦æ¡CµM¦Ó¡A³o·|¹ï®a¸V·~±a¨Ó«¤jªºµhW¡A¥H¤Î¿E°_¤½²³¹ï©ó®_±þ½w½Ä¦a±a¤º¼Æ¥H¦Ê¸Up°·±d¤Î¨S¨ü·P¬V°Êª«ªº¹D¼w§Q®`Ãö«Y¡C
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§@¬°¹ê»ÚªºÀ³¥Î¡A¤@©wn¿í¦u¼ÆÓ±ø¥ó (Lee and Suarez 2005):
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c) À³¨Ï¥Î¼Ð°O (DIVA) ªºµ¦²¤ (Suarez 2005)¡C§@¬°¿ï¾Ü¡A©Î¥i¨Ï¥Îï§L³¶³¾¨Ó§@ºÊ±±¡C
²{¦b¤wµo®i¥X¤@¤j°ïªº¬Ì]·§©À¡C¤j³¡¤À¤´µM¥H¥¢¬¡¤Î»²§U©Êªº§¹¾ã¯f¬r¬Ì]¬°°ò¦¡A¦ÓÀ³¥Î®É»Ýn¤À§O¹ï¨C°¦°Êª«¨Ï¥Î°w¤Îª`®g¾¹¡C
°ò©ó¹ê»Ú°ªP¯f©Ê¸V¬y·P«~ºØªº¥¢¬¡¤Æ¦P«¬¬Ì]¡A·|¤Þ°_¾A·íªº«OÅ@§@¥Î¡A¦ý¤£®e³\¦å²M¾Ç¤W¤À¿ë¬Ì]±µºØªÌ¤Î¨ü·P¬V³¾Ãþ¡C¥Ñ©ó¬Ì]¬O¥Ñ²{®Éªº°ªP¯f©Ê¸V¬y·P¯f¬r»s¦¨¡A¦b¬Ì]¹ê»ÚÀ³¥Î®É¡A·|¦³©T¦³ªº©µ»~¡C
¬Û¤Ï¡A¥¢¬¡¤Æ²§«¬¬Ì]¡A·í¬Ì]¯f¬rªí¹F¥X»P²{³õ¯f¬r¬Û¦PªºHA¨È«¬¦ý¤£¦PªºNA¨È«¬®É¡A¥i¥H¥Î§@¼Ð°O¬Ì]
(e.g. H5N9¬Ì]¹ïH5N2°ªP¯f©Ê¸V¬y·P)¡C§Q¥ÎNA¨È«¬¯S²§§ÜÅ骺´ú©w¡A¯à°÷¤À¿ë¥X¬Ì]±µºØªÌ¤Î¨ü·P¬V³¾Ãþ
(Cattoli 2003)¡CµM¦Ó¡A³o¨Ç¤èªk¬O¬Û·í¦Y¤O¦Ó¥B©Î·|¯Ê¥F±Ó·P©Ê¡CÁöµM¦p¦¹¡A¦¹Ãþ¬Ì]¥i¥H¦s©ñ¦b¥Ñ¼ÆºØ¾Ö¦³¤£¤@PNA¨È«¬ªºH5¤ÎH7¨È«¬ºc¦¨ªº¬Ì]®w¡C¤Ï¦V¿ò¶Ç¾Ç¤j¤j¦a¦³§U©ó»s³y¬°Ã~Âå¤ÎÂåÀø¥Î³~¨âªÌ¨Ï¥Î¡A¦Ó»Ý¨DªºHxNy²Õ¦X¦b¾A¦X¿ò¶ÇI´º¤ºªº¬Ì]
(Liu 2003, Neumann 2003, Subbarao 2003, Lee
2004, Chen 2005, Stech 2005)¡C²{®É¡A¥¢¬¡¤Æ²§«¬¬Ì]¥¿¦bªF«n¨È¥H¤Î¾¥¦èô¡B¤Ú°ò´µ©Z¤Î¥_·N¤j§Qµ¥H5N1¼ç¦b¦MÀI¦a°Ï¹ê¦a¨Ï¥Î
(e.g. Garcia 1998, Swayne 2001)¡CNS-1¯S²§§ÜÅ骺´ú©w³Q´£¥X§@¬°¥¢¬¡¤Æ¬Ì]¨Ï¥Î¤W¥t¤@DIVA¨t²Îªº¿ï¾Ü
(Tumpey 2005)¡C³o¨Ç§ÜÅé¦b°ªºw©w«×¤U¥Ñ¨ü·P¬V³¾Ãþ²£¥Í¡A¦ý·í¨Ï¥Î¥¢¬¡¤Æ¬Ì]®É¡A·|¦b¬Û·í§Cºw©w«×¤U²£¥Í¡C
¬¡´C¤¶«²Õ¬Ì]¦b¯à°÷·P¬V®a¸Vªº¯f¬r©Î²Óµß°©·F¤¤ªí²{¥X H5 ©Î H7 NA°ò¦] (e.g.
¸Vµk¯f¬r [Beard 1991, Swayne 1997+2000c]¡A³ï®ðºÞª¢¯f¬r
[Lueschow 2001, Veits 2003] ©Î·s«°Âû½E¯f¬r [Swayne
2003] )¡C¥Ñ©ó¬O¬¡¬Ì]¡A³q¹L¤ô©Î¼QÃúªº¤j¶q¹B¥Î³q±`³£¬O¥i¦æªº¡CÁöµM¤¹³\©ú½TªºDIVA¿ëÃÑ¡AµM¦Ó¹ï´C¤¶¯f¬rªº¹w¥ý¦s¦bªº§K¬Ì¤O±N·|¤j¤j¦a§«Ãª±µºØªº¦¨¥\¡C¦b¾¥¦èô¤Î¬ü°ê¤w¦¬°¦¤F¤@¨Ç»P¸Vµk«²ÕÅ馳Ãöªº¹ê¦a¸gÅç¡C
³Ì²×¡A¹êÅçÃÒ©ú¤F«²Õªí²{ªºHA³J¥Õ¤Î¥ÎHAªí²{½èÅ骺DNA±µºØªº¦¨¥\¨Ï¥Î (Crawford
1999, Kodihalli 1997)¡C
ªF«n¨Èªº¼ÆÓ°ê®a²{¥¿p¹º¥H¥þ°ê©Êªº¤j³W¼Ò¦æ¨Ï±µºØ (Normile 2005)¡C
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³oÅã¥Ü·s«¬¤HÃþ¬y·P¬y¦æ¯f«Â¯Ù¨Ã¤£¬O°ß¤@¦a»P°ªP¯f©Ê¸V¬y·PH5N1ªº¥X²{¦³Ãö¡C¨ì¥Ø«e¬°¤î¡AH5N1¥u²Å¦X³o¨Ç±ø¥óªº¨ä¤¤¨âÓ:
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(Chen
2004)¡C
2. H5N1¤wÂX¤j¤F¥¦ªº±J¥DÃþ§O¡A¦ÛµM¦a·P¬V¤Î±þ¦º¥H«e»{¬°¯à©è§Ü¸V¬y·P¯f¬r·P¬Vªº÷¨ÅÃþ
(¿ß¡A¦Ñªê) (http://www.who.int/csr/don/2004_02_20/en/
index.html)¡C
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(Shortridge 1992, Peiris
2001, Xu 2004)¡C³o¨Ç¯f¬rªº¨üÅéÅã¥Ü¥XÃþ¦ü¾AÀ³¤HÃþªº¯f¬rªº¯S²§©Ê (Li
2005b, Matrosovich 2001)¡C³o¨ÇH9¯f¬r¦³«Ü¼sªxªº±J¥DÃþ§O¡A¦b°ò¦]¤è±¬Û·í¦h¼Ë¤Æ¡A¥H¤Î¯àª½±µ·P¬V¤HÃþ¡CH9N2«~ºØ¡A§Y¾ÉP¦b»´ä³o¨Ç¤HÃþ·P¬VӮתºì¦]¡A§óÅã¥Ü¥X»P1997¦~ªºH5N1¯f¬r¬Ûªñªº°ò¦]«¬
(Lin
2000)¡C
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(low pathogenicity, LP) H5¤ÎH7¨È«¬ªº¸V¬y·P¯f¬r¥Ñ³¥¥Í¤ô³¾Àx®wªº¶Ç¤J¬O³oÓ¹Lµ{ªº°ò¦¡C²{¦b©|«Ý»¡©ú§CP¯f«¬H5¤ÎH7¦b¨äÀx®w¤¤ªº²±¦æ¬O§_¥¿¦b§ïÅÜ¡A¥H¤Î¨ä§ïÅܪº¦]¥Ñ¡CÃö«Y¨ìªF«n¨È®a¸V¸sªº¨È¬w¥@¨t°ªP¯f©Ê¸V¬y·PH5N1ªº¦a¤è©Êª¬ºA¦Ó¹ï¾E±p³¶³¾¸s¤Þ°_ÀWÁcªº·¸¥X¡A¹ï©ó¾E±p³¥³¾¸sªº¦a¤è©Ê¡A°ªP¯f©Ê¸V¬y·P¬y¦æ¯f¾Çªº·§©ÀÂಾ¦ü¥G¤Q¤À¹G¤Á¡C³o·|¹ï¸ó¤j³°³W¼Òªº®a¸V·~¦³«¤jªº¼vÅT¡C¤HÃþ¼ÉÅS©ó¯f¬rªº·ÀI¬Oª½±µ»P®a¸V¤¤¼W¥[¼ç¦b©Ê°Êª«¤HÃþ¯f¬rªº¦s¦b¦³Ãö¡C
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2. °ªP¯f©Ê¸V¬y·P¯f¬r¯à§_¦b³¥³¾«~ºØ¶i¤Æ¦¨´î¬r¥Íª««¬¡A¦Ó«O¯d¹ï®a¸Vªº¬r©Ê?
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4. ¸Ñ½X§@HA³J¥Õªº¤º³J¥Õ°Å¤Á¦ìÂIªº§Ç¦C½d³ò¡A¬O§_¥u¦bH5¤ÎH7¨È«¬¶É¦V©ó¬ðÅÜ ?
5. ¦b¨È¬w¡A¬°¹ï§ÜH5N1ªº®a¸V¤j¶q±µºØªº¼vÅT±N·|«ç¼Ë? ¨¾¤î¯f¬rÂX´²©Î¬O¥[³t§ÜìÄÆ²¾©Î°kÁ×?
6. §CP¯f©Ê¸V¬y·P¨È«¬H5¤ÎH7¦b¤ÑµMÀx®wªº²±¦æªºÂಾ·|§_¤]¦³¥i¯à¼vÅT¨ì¶i¤Æ°±º¢ªº±¡ªp?
¯S§O¬O²Ä¤@Ó°ÝÃD¡A¦³þÓÀ£Ë©Êªº«n©Ê ¢w ¦Ó³o¨Ã¤£©óÃ~Âå¤è±¡C¨È¬w¥@¨t°ªP¯f©Ê¸V¬y·PH5N1¦b¾E±p³¾Ãþ¤¤ªº¦a¤è©Ê¡A·|µ¹®a¸V«O¦³¦a±a¨Ó«ùÄòªº«Â¯Ù¡Cªþ¦X³on¨DÀ³¥]¬A¦b®a¸V«O¦³¦a¸T¤î¦Û¥Ñº©¹Cµ¥ÄY®æªº¥Íª«¦w¥þ±¹¬I¹J¨ì¡C§@¬°¿ï¾Ü¡A¥çn¦Ò¼{®a¸Vªº¤j¶q±µºØ¡C§@¬°²Ä¤GÓ³~®|¡A³¥¥Í³¶³¾ªº¦a¤è©Ê¡A©Î³\¤]¥i¾ÉP°ªP¯f©Ê¸V¬y·PH5N1¯f¬r¦b¦ÛµMÀô¹Ò
(´ò¡A®ü©¤µ¥) ¤¤¦s¦b¡A¥H¤Î¥i¯à±a¨Ó¤HÃþ¼ÉÅS©ó¯f¬rªº¼ç¦b©ÊÃB¥~·ÀI¡C¨ì¥Ø«e¬°¤î¡A¨S¦³³ø§iÅã¥Ü¦³±q³¥³¾©Î¦ÛµMÀô¹Ò·½ÀY·P¬V¤HÃþ¡C©Ò¦³¤½§G¤Fªº¤HÃþ·P¬V¡A¥]¬A³Ìªñ¨Ó¦Û¤g¦Õ¨äªº¡A¦ü¥G¬O¥Ñ®a¸V¤ºªº¯f¬rÂX¼W¤Î»P®a¸Vºò±K±µÄ²¦Ó¨ú±o¡C²{®É¦b³¾Ãþ³¡¤À¬y¦æªº°Êª«¤HÃþ°ªP¯f©Ê¸V¬y·PH5N1¯f¬r¡A¨ä½ÆÂø©Ê¤Î¼ç¦bªº¼vÅT¡A»Ýn¬ì¾Ç®a¡B¬Fªv®a¤Î¤½²³¶¡¹w¥ý°Óij¤ÎÂÔ·Vªº¦æ°Ê¡C
|
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