Influenza Report
 
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Author(s) §@ªÌ:

Bernd Sebastian Kamps and Gustavo Reyes-Terán
Translator(s) ĶªÌ: ±ç¿o®¦ Leung Wing Yan
Editor (Chinese Version)
½sªÌ(¤¤¤åª©¥»):
­³§®©yMary M.Y. Waye
  English version

 

 

 

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©Ò¥H²{¦b½Ã¥Í±M·~¤H¤h³£¤£·N¥~¦a¹ï¥i¯à·|¦³¤U¤@¦¸¥þ²y©Ê¤j³W¼ÒÃzµo±Ó·P°_¨Ó¡CH5N1¬y¦æ©Ê·P«_«ùÄòªº¦b³¶³¾Ãzµo¡A¨Ã¥B¶¡¤¤¶Ç¬V¨ì¤HÃþ¨­¤W¤Þ°_«Ü¦hª`·N¡A¬O¦]¬°H5N1¯f¬r©M1918¦~¬Ì¯gªº¬y¦æ©Ê·P«_¯f¬r«~ºØ¦³«Ü¦³½ìªºÃöÁp¡C¦pªGH5N1¯f¬r±o¨ì¯à¤O¨Ï¨ä¥i¥H«Ü®e©ö¤H¶Ç¤H¡A³Ì«O¦uªº¦ô­p¤¤¡A¥þ²y¤W­n¨ì¯l©Ò¨D¯lªº¦¸¼Æ³Ì¤Ö¦³´X»õ¦¸¡A¤G¤d¤­¦Ê¸U¤H±N­n¤J¦íÂå°|¡A·|¦³¼Æ¦Ê¸U¤H¦º¤`¡C(WHO Checklist 2005)

­±¹ï¤@­Ó¥¼ª¾ªº¦M¾÷³Ì¦nªº¤èªk¬O·Q¹³©M·Ç³Æ¹ï§Ü³ÌÃaªº±¡ªp¡C¦]¬°³o­Ó¦M¾÷¬O¥þ²y©Êªº¡A©Ò¥H»Ý­n¥þ²y©Êªºµ¦²¤ ¢w ¥i¬O¦b§Ú­Ì³o­Ó¤Àµõ¦¨¤G¦Ê¦h­Ó°ê®aªº¦æ¬P¤W¬O­Ó«ÜÃø³B²zªº¤u§@¡C³B²z¤£¦Pªº°ê®a©M¦o­Ìªº¤¸­º´N¹³³B²z¦b¤W¥®¸X¶éªº¤pªB¤Í¡CWHO¦b³o­Ó§xÃøªº±¡ªp¤U¦³¥O¤HÅå³Yªºªí²{¡C

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¹Ï1. §Ü­ìÄƲ¾ - ¹Ï¤ù¨Ó¦ÛNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease

¬Û¹ï©ó¶g´Á©Ê¬Ì¯g¡A¥þ²y©Ê¤j³W¼Ò¬Ì¯g¬O¨u¨£ªº¡A¨C¹j10¦Ü50¦~¥X²{¡C¥L­Ì±q¤Q¤»¥@¬ö¶}©l³Q¬ö¿ý (WHO 2005b)¡A¦b¹L¥h400¦~¸Ì¡A¤w¸g°O¿ý¤F³Ì¤Ö31¦¸¥þ²y©Ê¤j³W¼Ò¬Ì¯g (Lazzari 2004)¡C¦b¤G¤Q¥@¬ö¸Ì¦³¹L¤T¦¸¥þ²y©Ê¤j³W¼Ò¬y¦æ©Ê·P«_¬Ì¯g(ªí1)¡C¥L­Ì¹ï¦º¤`²vªº½ÄÀ»¥Ñ¯}Ãa©Ê·¥¤j¦Ü¤¤µ¥©Î·Å©M(Simonson 2004)¡C1918¦~ªº¤j³W¼ÒÃzµo¬O¥Ñ¤@°¦±q¸V³¾«¬ºtÅܪºH1N1¯f¬r¤Þ°_(Reid 1999)¡A¦Ó¤§«áªºÃzµo¯f¬r«~ºØ ¢w 1957¦~ªºH2N2¤Î1968¦~ªºH3N2¡A¬O¥Ñ±a¦³¸V³¾«¬¬y·P°ò¦]ªº­«°t¯f¬r¤Þ°_¡G1957¦~ªº¦³3­Ó¸V³¾°ò¦]¢w¦å¾®¯À(haemagglutinin)¡B¯«¸gÓi»ÄžJ(Neuraminidase)¤ÎRNA»E¦XžJ PB1 (RNA Polymerase PB1)¡F1968¦~ªº¦³2­Ó¢w¦å¾®¯À(haemagglutinin)¤ÎRNA»E¦XžJ PB1(RNA Polymerase PB1) (Kawaoka 1989)¡C³o¨Ç¬y¦æ©Ê·P«_¯f¬rªº¥D­n§Ü­ì©ÊÂàÅܳQºÙ¬°§Ü­ì¦ì²¾ (antigenic shift)¡C¡]¹Ï2¡^

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¹Ï2. §Ü­ì¦ì²¾ - ¹Ï¤ù¨Ó¦ÛNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease

¨ä¤¤¤@­Ó¥þ²y©Ê¤j³W¼Ò¬y·P¬Ì¯gªº¯S¼x¬O¸û¦~»´ªº¤H¤hªº¦º¤`²v·|¤W¤É¡C¦b1968¦~¬Ì¯g¤¤¦³¤@¥b©M¬y·P¦³Ãöªº¦º¤`¡B1957©M1918¦~ªº¬Ì¯g¤¤¤j³¡¤À©M¬y·P¦³Ãöªº¦º¤`³£µo¥Í¦b¦~ÄÖ¤Ö©ó65·³ªº¤H¤h(Simonson 1998)¡C

1918

¦b¤G¤Q¥@¬ö¸Ìªº²Ä¤@­Ó¥þ²y©Ê¤j³W¼Ò¬y·PÃzµo¦b1918¦Ü1919¦~¤Q¤G­Ó¤ë¤º®t¤£¦h¦P®É¥H¤T­Ó¤À¶}ªºªi®ö¦b¼Ú¬w¡B¨È¬w©M¥_¬ü¬w¶Ç¼½(Barry 2004, Taubenberger 2006)¡C³o¦b¾ú¥v¤W¬O³ÌÄY­«ªºÃzµo¡A¦]³oÃzµo¦Ó¦ºªº¤H¤ñ¦b²Ä¤@¦¸¥@¬É¤j¾Ô¤¤¦º¤`¤H¼ÆÁÙ¦h¡A¤@¯ë¬Û«H¨º¦¸³Ì¤Ö¦³¤­¤d¸U¤H¦º¤`(Johnson 2002)¡C²Ä¤@¦¸ªi®ö¥Ñ1918¦~¬K¤Ñ¶}©l¡AÁöµM¶Ç¬V©Ê«Ü°ª¦ý¨Ã¤£¬O¤Q¤À¦MÀI¡C·í²Ä¤G¦¸ªi®ö¦b9¤ë«Iŧ¡A¯}Ãa©Ê³Ì±jªº¬Ì¯g¤~¦b¨º®É¶}©l´²¼½¡C

¹Ï3¡G¦b¬y·PÃzµo®Éªººò«æÂå°|¡CCamp Funston, Kansas. Images from the 1918 Influenza Epidemic. Image copyright by National Museum of Health & Medicine, Washington, D.C. http://InfluenzaReport.com/link.php?id=19

1918¦~¬Ì¯gªº¯f¬r¤Q¤À¦MÀI¨Ã¾É­P«Ü¦h²Ä¤G­«²Óµß©ÊªÍª¢·P¬V¦Ó¦º¤`ªº­Ó®×¡C²Ä¤@­«¯f¬r©ÊªÍª¢¥i¥H¦b¨â¤Ñ¤º±N¤@­Ó¥­®É«Ü°·±dªº¤H±þ¦º¡C«Ü¦hÄY­«­Ó®×ªºÁ{§É¯gª¬¤@ÂI³£¤£¼ô±x¡A¦³«Ü¦h½Õ¬d­û¬Æ¦ÜÃhºÃ¨º¬O§_¬y¦æ©Ê·P«_(WHO 2005b)¡C1918¦~ªº¯gª¬¤Q¤À¤£¥­±`¡A¤@¶}©l³Q»~¶E¬°µn­²¼ö¡BÀN¶Ã¡B©Î¶Ë´H¯g(Barry 2004)¡C

¦b¤£«ÜÄY­«ªº¯f¯g¡A¤j³¡¥÷¯f¤H¸g¾ú¤F¤@¯ë¬y¦æ©Ê·P«_³s¦P¤T¨ì¤­¤Ñªºµo¿N¡A±µµÛ´N§¹¥þ±d´_(Kilbourne 2006)¡C¬Û¹ï©ó¤§«áªº¥þ²y©Ê¤j³W¼Ò¬y·P¬Ì¯gÃzµo¡A¦b1918¬Ì¯g¸Ì¤j¦h¼Æ¦º¤`­Ó®×¦b¤¶¥G15¦Ü35·³ªº¦~»´°·±d¤H¤h¡A¦Ó¦Ê¤À¤§¤E¤Q¤Eªº¦º¤`­Ó®×³£µo¥Í¦b¦~¬ö¤p©ó65·³ªº¤H¤h¨­¤W¡C

±q1918¦~¥ÎºÖº¸°¨ªL(formalin)©T©w«O¦sªºªÍ³¡¸Ñ­å²Õ´¤¤©Ò´M§ä¦^ªº¯f¬r¤¤´£¨úªº°ò¦]²ÕRNA(genomic RNA)¤Î¤@­Ó¨Ó¦Û©ó1918¦~11¤ë³Q®I¸®¦b¥Ã¤[­á¤g¼hªº¬y·P¯f¤HªºªÍ³¡²Õ´(Taubenberger 1997)¨Ï§Ú­Ì¥i¥H±N¥þ³¡8¬q1918¦~ªºH1N1ªº¯f¬rRNA±Æ§Ç¸Ñ½X(Taubenberger 2005)¡C½Õ¬d©Ò±oH1N1¯f¬r¨Ã¤£¬O¤@°¦­«²Õ¯f¬r(¦p1957©M1968¦~Ãzµoªº¯f¬r)¡A¤Ï¦Ó¹³¬O¤@°¦¾AÀ³¤F¤HÃþªº§¹¥þ¹³¸V³¾¯f¬rªº«~ºØ¡C

1957

1957¦~ªº¤j«¬¬y·PÃzµo¬O¥ÑH2N2¤Þ°_¡A³o¬O¤@°¦¦bÁ{§É¯f¼x¸û1918¯f¬r·Å©Mªº¯f¬r¡CÃzµo«ÜÀW±K¦a¦³Ãz¬µ©Ê¡A¦ý¦º¤`¤H¼Æ¤ñ¤§«e§C«Ü¦h¡C¦º¤`²v¦³©úÅã¯S¼x©MÁͶաA©M©u¸`©ÊÃzµo®t¤£¦h¡A¦h¥Xªº¦º¤`³£¶°¤¤¦bÀ¦¨à©M¦Ñ¤H(WHO 2005b)¡C¦³¨ä¥LºC©Ê¯fªº¯f¤H©M¥¥°ü¦³¸û¤j¾÷·|§Î¦¨¨ä¥L©MªÍ¦³Ãöªº¨Öµo¯g(Louria 1957)¡C¥þ²y¦]³o¦¸1957¤j³W²öÃzµo©Ò¼W¥[ªº¦º¤`¤H¼Æ¬ù¬°1¦Ü2¦Ê¸U¡C

1968

1968¦~ªº¥þ²y©Ê¤j³W¼Ò¬y·PÃzµo¤]¬O¤@­Ó¸û·Å©MªºÃzµo¡C¬Û¹ï©ó1967¦Ü1968¦~ªºÄY­«¶g´Á©ÊÃzµo(³Ì«á¤@¦¸H2N2Ãzµo)©M1975¦Ü1976¤Î1980¦Ü1981ªº¨â¦¸H3N2¶g´Á©ÊÃzµo¡A¦º¤`²v½ÄÀ»¬Æ¦Ü¤ñ³o´X¦¸»´·L(Simonsen 2004)¡C³o¦¸ªº¦º¤`¤H¼Æ¬ù¬°1¦Ê¸U¡A¦Ó³æ¦b¬ü°ê¡A¦h©ó50%¦]·P«_¦º¤`ªº­Ó®×µo¥Í¦b¤p©ó65·³ªº¸û¦~»´¤H¤f¡C¦å²M¦Ò¥j¾Ç½Õ¬dµo²{¦h¼Æ¤j¹L77·³ªº¤H¦b±µÄ²³o°¦·sÃzµo¯f¬r¤§«e¤w¸g¦³H3ªº§ÜÅé(Dowdle 1999)¡A¦Ó³o¨Ç¤H¨­¤WªºH3§ÜÅ馳¥i¯à¬O¦b1968¦~H3N2¥þ²yÃzµo¤¤«OÅ@³o¨Ç¦~¹L77ªº¦Ñ¤H¡C

¥Ñ1968¦~¦Ü¤µ¡A¥u¦³¦b1976¦~ªº¤@¦¸¿ù»~¹w­p¤F¥t¤@¦¸¥þ²y©Ê¤j³W¼Ò¬Ì¯g±N·|¶}©lÃzµo(Dowdle 1997, Gaydos 2006, Kilbourne 2006)¡C

 

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²{¦b¡AH5N1¸V¬y·P¤´µM¥D­n¬O¸V³¾ªº¯e¯f¡Cª«ºØªº¬É­­¤´µM¤Q¤À©úÅã¡AÁöµM¦b«Ü¦h¦a°Ï¦b¨â¦~¤º¦³¹L¤d¸Uªº¸V¯b¨ü¨ì·P¬V¡A¥u¦³¤Ö©ó200­Ó³Q¹êÅç«ÇÃҹꪺ¤HÃþ·P¬Vªº¯f¯g (WHO 200601)¡C¤HÃþ·P¬V­Ó®×²Ä¤@¦¸©ó1997¦~°O¿ý(Yuen 1998)¡A©M°ª«×­P¯fªº¸V³¾¬y·P¯f¬r¦b®a¸VÃzµo¦P®Éµo¥Í¡C°O¿ýªº¤H¶Ç¤H­Ó®×¤£¦h¡A½Ã¥Í¤H­û¤Î»P¯f¤H¦³±µÄ²ªº®aÄݤQ¤À¦³­­(Katz 1999,Buxton Bridges 2000)¡C¦b³o¨Ç¤H¤¤ÁöµM¦³H5§ÜÅé¡A¥Nªí¥L­Ì´¿¨ü·P¬V¡A¦ý¨Ã¨S¦³ÄY­«­Ó®×µo¥Í¡C

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Golden Links

Influenza. Special Issue of the Journal of Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2006. http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/EID/vol12no01/contents_v12n01.htm

Pandemic Influenza: Confronting a Re-emergent Threat. Special Issue of the Journal of Infectious Diseases, 1997. http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/JID/journal/contents/v176nS1.html

 

Interviews

Interview with Dr. Jeffrey Taubenberger. Spanish and avian flu pandemics. Nature Podcast, 6 October 2006 - http://www.nature.com/nature/podcast/v437/n7060/nature-2005-10-06.mp3

Interview with Dr. Frederick Hayden on antiviral resistance in influenza viruses. 23 February 2006 - http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/full/354/8/785/DC1

Interview with Dr. Anne Moscona on the clinical implications of oseltamivir resistance. 22 December 2005 - http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/full/353/25/2633/DC1

Interview with Dr. Michael Osterholm on preparing for an influenza pandemic. 5 May 2005 - http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/full/352/18/1839/DC1

 

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